Rabbit Nutrition

What To Feed Rabbits

There are a few characteristics of the rabbit's physiology which have a significant impact on their daily dietary needs.  Rabbits need high levels of fibre for efficient gut movement but also to keep their continually growing teeth trim. Unfortunately, if rabbits are fed unsuitable foods, they fail to wear down their teeth sufficiently. This leads to a painful dental condition called malocclusions (misalignment of the teeth).

Although what to feed your rabbit depends on its age, lifestyle and state of health, here are some important factors to consider about rabbit nutrition when choosing what to feed your rabbit.

• Rabbits are herbivores, meaning their diet should primarily consist of plant-based materials. Hay is the most important element in a rabbit’s diet and should always be available.  This helps provide the high levels of fibre required for efficient gut movement and encourages chewing to keep their teeth trim.
• Freshly pulled long grass is another good source of fibre for rabbits. 
• There are several nutritionally balanced diets, such as pellets, available for rabbits on the market. Pellets provide essential nutrients that may not be fully obtained from hay alone. However, as depicted in our poster, hay is the most important element and must always be provided alongside prepared pet food. Manufacturers have experts available to advise you on what you should buy for your rabbit and how much and how many times per day to feed them, so contact them directly for further advice on specific products.
• Small amounts of fruits like apples, berries, and pears are all safe food for rabbits, provided they are given as a treat in moderation to avoid weight gain and dental problems.
• There are life-stage products available for rabbits. These include products appropriate for growing rabbits or light products for adult rabbits that are inactive or prone to weight gain.
• Water is vital for rabbits. Always provide fresh, clean water. Insufficient water intake can lead to dehydration and various health complications.

What Not To Feed Rabbits

• Avoid feeding rabbits foods that are high in starch, sugar, or fat. These can upset their delicate digestive system and contribute to obesity or gastrointestinal issues. Foods like chocolate, onions, garlic, and iceberg lettuce should be strictly avoided, as they are toxic to rabbits.

How can I tell if my rabbit is eating correctly?

• Always keep an eye on how much your rabbit eats and drinks. If you notice a change in habits, contact your vet.
• It is not advisable to make any sudden changes to your rabbit’s diet as this may make them very ill. Always introduce new diets gradually.
• If you have any worries about your rabbit’s health, consult a vet. Regular veterinary check-ups can help ensure that your rabbit’s nutritional needs are being met and any potential health issues are addressed.

Why do you need to balance a rabbit’s calcium intake?

• Rabbits absorb calcium at a level that directly relates to the level offered in their food.  This means that even if they do not require any more calcium, they will still continue to absorb it. As a result, both the calcium content and the calcium: phosphorus ratio are important and should be approximately 1.0% and between 1.5:1 and 2:1, respectively.
• An imbalance of calcium, together with limited opportunities for chewing, can result in dental problems in rabbits, such as overgrown teeth and even dental abscesses.  A commercially prepared rabbit food will have the right calcium-phosphorus balance a rabbit needs for healthy body function. Fresh greens also act as a good source of calcium.